Tendon and Ligament Healing and Current Approaches to Tendon and Ligament Regeneration

Normal Tendon and Ligament Healing

To understand prolotherapy, a knowledge of the pathology of sprain or strain and the normal healing process is necessary. Sprains (ligaments) and strains (tendons) become chronic when healing does not result in sufficient tensile strength or tightness.14,50 This condition also is termed connective tissue insufficiency (CTI), in which the structure is either too loose or has insufficient tensile...

Tendon and Ligament Injury

The most frequently injured tendons and ligaments in the horse are those on the palmar or plantar aspect of the distal limb. For this reason, this series of presentations will focus on these injuries. Diagnosis of strain-induced tendon injuries of the equine distal limb are based on history (usually a preceding period of exercise) and the development of the signs of inflammation (pain, heat, sw...

Tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering, Healing and Regenerative Medicine

Tendons transmit forces from muscle to bone and provide the joint function and ligaments transmit forces from bone to bone and provide joint stability. Tendon and ligament injuries have high incidence and management of tendon and ligament injuries is technically demanding because the healing response of these soft connective tissues is low. In addition, number of the available options to be con...

Joints: Regeneration of Bone, Cartilage, Meniscus, Ligament, and Tendon

Entheses: tendon and ligament attachment sites.

The current brief review focuses on certain issues relating to form-function relationships that are evident at tendon or ligament attachment sites (entheses). It evaluates the development of entheses (both fibrocartilaginous and fibrous) and highlights again an issue largely ignored for decades - i.e. how entheses attached to the metaphyses of long bones manage to keep the same relative positio...